One of the intriguing and central mysteries in contemporary neuroscience revolves around the intricate relationship between the brain and the mind. While our understanding of neurons, neurotransmitters, and neuronal receptors has advanced significantly, the elusive question remains: How do these complex chemical and electrical processes translate into thoughts, emotions, and behaviors? Gaining insight into these […]
A cement is any of various substances used for bonding or setting to a hard material. A popular one, Portland cement, is a mixture of calcium silicates and aluminates made by heating limestone (CaCO3) with clay (that contains aluminosilicates) in a kiln. The product is then ground to a fine powder. When Portland cement is […]
Human beings first disturbed moon dust on Sept. 13, 1959, when the USSR’s unmanned spacecraft Luna 2 alighted on the lunar surface. In the following decades, more than a hundred other spacecraft have touched the moon — both crewed and uncrewed, sometimes landing and sometimes crashing. The most famous of these were NASA’s Apollo Lunar […]
Biology • Biomedicine • Medicine • Pharmacy
One of the biggest health threats in our current society is not related to a virus, not even to diabetes or cardiovascular disease, but to antimicrobial resistance. In fact, over 5 million deaths per year are associated with resistant bacteria, of which nearly 1.3 million deaths per year are directly attributable to antimicrobial resistance. This […]
Humanity’s emissions of greenhouse gases have caused rapid global warming at a rate unprecedented in at least the past 2,000 years. Rapid global warming has been accompanied by increases in the frequency and intensity of heat extremes over most land regions in the past 70 years. While human activities cause emissions of a number of […]
The detection, identification, and analysis of macromolecules is needed in many areas of life sciences, including protein research, diagnostics, and analytics. Mass spectrometry is often used as a detection system for proteins – a method that typically separates charged particles (ions) according to their mass-to-charge-ratio and measures the intensity of the signals generated by a […]
Dinosaurs may have influenced evolution of human aging The genetic foundations of the human aging process may have evolved from the pressure that dinosaurs put on mammals 100 million years ago. “While humans are among the longest-living animals, there are many reptiles and other animals that have a much slower aging process and show minimal […]
In probability theory and statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed (iid) if each random variable has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent. Most supervised machine learning methods assume that training and testing or production samples are drawn iid from the same underlying distribution. But […]
Hopfions, magnetic spin structures predicted decades ago, have become a hot and challenging research topic in recent years. The first experimental evidence has just been presented in Nature . A deeper understanding of how different components of materials function is important for the development of innovative materials and future technology. The research field of spintronics […]
Phagocytosis Author: Marta Irigoyen is a postdoctoral researcher at CIC bioGUNE Phagocytosis of cancer cells by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME), plays a critical role in cancer immunosurveillance . Cancer cells can evade macrophage-mediated phagocytosis (the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf particles or […]